The philosophy Lecturer
entered in to the classroom. Presently saw the lecturer all the
students wished him and the lecturer also said to the students “very
good morning to you all, today with the special class I wish to
explain about 4 Vedas, 6 Sastras 64 Arts.. . Some will be a little
detail and others will be an elaborately in brief manner”.Heard
this message from lecturer some of the students did not like but most
of the students happily ready to listen the lecture.
The lecturer start to give
lecture about the Vedas and its kind.
The lecture begins “
Dear students Shruti means hearing,or listening,and is the body of
sacred manuscript of comprising the central rule of Hinduism and is
one of the three main sources of nature. ”.
This literature belief
from other sources of Hindu Philosophy, particularly Smriti means
“remembered text”, because of the purely divine origin of Sruti.
This belief of divinity is particularly prominent within the branch
of philosophy tradition (Mimamsa tradition.). The initial
literature is traditionally believed to be a direct revelation of the
“cosmic sound of truth” heard by ancient Rishis who then
translated what was heard into something understandable by humans.
Srutis are the four Vedas,
Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva Vedas and 108 Upanishads. In the
beginning the veda was as one, but VedaVysa separated into four for
comfortable learning .
Manu, Parasara, Yajnavalkya, Gautama, Harita, Yama, Visnu, Sankha, Likhita, Brhaspati, Daksha, Angirasa, Pracetas, Samvarta, Acanas, Atri, Apastamba and Satatapa are the eighteen sages who mastered the Vedas with their superhuman power and obtained from the source of origin. Their works are known after them like Manusmrti, Yajnavalkya-smrti, Parasara-Smrti and so on, and they contain all that we need to know about all the dharmas and follow it.
Manu, Parasara, Yajnavalkya, Gautama, Harita, Yama, Visnu, Sankha, Likhita, Brhaspati, Daksha, Angirasa, Pracetas, Samvarta, Acanas, Atri, Apastamba and Satatapa are the eighteen sages who mastered the Vedas with their superhuman power and obtained from the source of origin. Their works are known after them like Manusmrti, Yajnavalkya-smrti, Parasara-Smrti and so on, and they contain all that we need to know about all the dharmas and follow it.
Smriti is Vedic
literature primarily of two types, sruti and smriti. The Veda is
called sruti and is the highest authority. Other texts are called
smritis, and they followed from the sruti. Sruti is purely eternal
and no author, and smritis are the words of seers.
Smritis could be broadly
classified as
Vedangas: subjects the
standing the truth to understand various aspects of the Veda
Upavedas: the knowledge of
arts and science.
Upangas : the subdivisions
Darsanas: the truth of
environments featuring a graphical user interface.
Sastras: Religious
scientific treatise or guidelines
Dharma sutras: formula to
relating the justice and virtue.
Nyaya: Justice rule.
Vedhnga kalpa: The
subjects of perceptive and rituals
Dharma Sastras: The
scientifically following justice.
The lecturer asked the
students to write down in the note books.
“Now I will explain
about Smiriti. The smritis are a sketch of giving a image to know
how to fulfill the intention and make a significant; of consequence
in ones life. The smritis regulate the life.
They are immediate
preceptor to mankind further they are big demonstrator of righteous
and also clarifies all situations when one facing the all and any
kind of problems.
Once
he finished brief of Veda he said “ Okay students relax for some
time I be bake in ten minuets”
The lecturer re-entered
into the class room and said “ the 64 kalas classified in the
sastras I will explain later about sastras now the kalas First I tell
you the meaning of Kala. Kala means Art. You also note down.
64 Kalas and they are as
follows:
(1) Geet vidya—art of
singing.
(2) Vadya vidya—art of playing on musical instruments.
(3) Nritya vidya—art of dancing.
(4) Natya vidya—art of theatricals.
(5) alekhya vidya—art of painting.
(6) viseshakacchedya vidya—art of painting the face and body with color
(7) tandula-kusuma-bali-vikara—art of preparing offerings from rice and flowers.
(8) pushpastarana—art of making a covering of flowers for a bed also making flower string. .
(9) dasana-vasananga-raga—art of applying preparations for cleansing the teeth, cloths and painting the body.
(10) mani-bhumika-karma—art of making the groundwork of jewels.
(11) sayya-racana—art of covering the bed.
(12) udaka-vadya—art of playing on music in water.
(13) udaka-ghata—art of splashing with water.
(14) citra-yoga—art of practically applying an admixture of colors.
(15) malya-grathana-vikalpa—art of designing a preparation of wreaths.
(16) sekharapida-yojana—art of practically setting the coronet on the head.
(17) nepathya-yoga—art of practically dressing in the tiring room.
(18) karnapatra-bhanga—art of decorating the the cartilaginous fleshy projection that partially covers the entrance to the external ear.
(19) sugandha-yukti—art of practical application of fragrant.
(20) bhushana-yojana—art of applying or setting ornaments.
(21) aindra-jala—art of juggling.
(22) kaucumara—Some particular kind art like ammanai.
(23) hasta-laghava—art of sleight of hand.
(24) citra-sakapupa-bhakshya-vikara-kriya—art of preparing varieties of delicious food.
(25) panaka-rasa-ragasava-yojana—art of practically preparing palatable drinks and tinging draughts with red color.
(26) suci-vaya-karma—art of needleworks and weaving.
(27) sutra-krida—art of playing with thread.
(28) vina-damuraka-vadya—art of playing on lute and small drum.
(29) prahelika—art of making and solving riddles.
(30) durvacaka-yoga—art of practicing language difficult to be answered by others.
(31) pustaka-vacana—art of reciting books.
(32) natikakhyayika-darsana—art of enacting short plays and anecdotes.
(33) kavya-samasya-purana—art of solving enigmatic verses.
(34) pattika-vetra-bana-vikalpa—art of designing preparation of shield, cane and arrows.
(35) tarku-karma—art of spinning by spindle.
(36) takshana—art of carpentry.
(37) vastu-vidya—art of engineering.
(38) raupya-ratna-pariksha—art of testing silver and jewels.
(39) dhatu-vada—art of metallurgy.
(40) mani-raga jnana—art of tinging jewels.
(41) akara jnana—art of mineralogy.
(42) vrikshayur-veda-yoga—art of practicing medicine or medical treatment, by herbs.
(43) mesha-kukkuta-lavaka-yuddha-vidhi—art of knowing the mode of fighting of lambs, roosters and birds.
(44) suka-sarika-prapalana (pralapana)? -- art of maintaining or knowing conversation between male and female parrot.
(45) utsadana—art of healing or cleaning a person with perfumes.
(46) kesa-marjana-kausala—art of combing hair.
(47) akshara-mushtika-kathana—art of talking with fingers.
(48)dharana-matrika—art of the use of amulets.
(49) desa-bhasha-jnana—art of knowing provincial dialects.
(50)nirmiti-jnana—art of knowing prediction by heavenly voice
(51) yantra-matrika—art of mechanics.
(52)mlecchita-kutarka-vikalpa—art of fabricating barbarous or foreign sophistry .
(53) samvacya—art of conversation.
(54) manasi kavya-kriya—art of composing verse mentally.
(55) kriya-vikalpa—art of designing a literary work or a medical remedy.
(56) chalitaka-yoga—art of practicing as a builder of shrines called after him.
(57) abhidhana-kosha-cchando-jnana—art of the use of lexicography and meters.
(58) vastra-gopana—art of concealment of cloths.
(59) dyuta-visesha—art of knowing specific gambling.
(60) akarsha-krida—art of playing with dice or magnet.
(61) balaka-kridanaka—art of using children's toys.
(62) vainayiki vidya—art of enforcing discipline.
(63) vaijayiki vidya—art of gaining victory.
(64) vaitaliki vidya—art of awakening master with music at dawn.
(2) Vadya vidya—art of playing on musical instruments.
(3) Nritya vidya—art of dancing.
(4) Natya vidya—art of theatricals.
(5) alekhya vidya—art of painting.
(6) viseshakacchedya vidya—art of painting the face and body with color
(7) tandula-kusuma-bali-vikara—art of preparing offerings from rice and flowers.
(8) pushpastarana—art of making a covering of flowers for a bed also making flower string. .
(9) dasana-vasananga-raga—art of applying preparations for cleansing the teeth, cloths and painting the body.
(10) mani-bhumika-karma—art of making the groundwork of jewels.
(11) sayya-racana—art of covering the bed.
(12) udaka-vadya—art of playing on music in water.
(13) udaka-ghata—art of splashing with water.
(14) citra-yoga—art of practically applying an admixture of colors.
(15) malya-grathana-vikalpa—art of designing a preparation of wreaths.
(16) sekharapida-yojana—art of practically setting the coronet on the head.
(17) nepathya-yoga—art of practically dressing in the tiring room.
(18) karnapatra-bhanga—art of decorating the the cartilaginous fleshy projection that partially covers the entrance to the external ear.
(19) sugandha-yukti—art of practical application of fragrant.
(20) bhushana-yojana—art of applying or setting ornaments.
(21) aindra-jala—art of juggling.
(22) kaucumara—Some particular kind art like ammanai.
(23) hasta-laghava—art of sleight of hand.
(24) citra-sakapupa-bhakshya-vikara-kriya—art of preparing varieties of delicious food.
(25) panaka-rasa-ragasava-yojana—art of practically preparing palatable drinks and tinging draughts with red color.
(26) suci-vaya-karma—art of needleworks and weaving.
(27) sutra-krida—art of playing with thread.
(28) vina-damuraka-vadya—art of playing on lute and small drum.
(29) prahelika—art of making and solving riddles.
(30) durvacaka-yoga—art of practicing language difficult to be answered by others.
(31) pustaka-vacana—art of reciting books.
(32) natikakhyayika-darsana—art of enacting short plays and anecdotes.
(33) kavya-samasya-purana—art of solving enigmatic verses.
(34) pattika-vetra-bana-vikalpa—art of designing preparation of shield, cane and arrows.
(35) tarku-karma—art of spinning by spindle.
(36) takshana—art of carpentry.
(37) vastu-vidya—art of engineering.
(38) raupya-ratna-pariksha—art of testing silver and jewels.
(39) dhatu-vada—art of metallurgy.
(40) mani-raga jnana—art of tinging jewels.
(41) akara jnana—art of mineralogy.
(42) vrikshayur-veda-yoga—art of practicing medicine or medical treatment, by herbs.
(43) mesha-kukkuta-lavaka-yuddha-vidhi—art of knowing the mode of fighting of lambs, roosters and birds.
(44) suka-sarika-prapalana (pralapana)? -- art of maintaining or knowing conversation between male and female parrot.
(45) utsadana—art of healing or cleaning a person with perfumes.
(46) kesa-marjana-kausala—art of combing hair.
(47) akshara-mushtika-kathana—art of talking with fingers.
(48)dharana-matrika—art of the use of amulets.
(49) desa-bhasha-jnana—art of knowing provincial dialects.
(50)nirmiti-jnana—art of knowing prediction by heavenly voice
(51) yantra-matrika—art of mechanics.
(52)mlecchita-kutarka-vikalpa—art of fabricating barbarous or foreign sophistry .
(53) samvacya—art of conversation.
(54) manasi kavya-kriya—art of composing verse mentally.
(55) kriya-vikalpa—art of designing a literary work or a medical remedy.
(56) chalitaka-yoga—art of practicing as a builder of shrines called after him.
(57) abhidhana-kosha-cchando-jnana—art of the use of lexicography and meters.
(58) vastra-gopana—art of concealment of cloths.
(59) dyuta-visesha—art of knowing specific gambling.
(60) akarsha-krida—art of playing with dice or magnet.
(61) balaka-kridanaka—art of using children's toys.
(62) vainayiki vidya—art of enforcing discipline.
(63) vaijayiki vidya—art of gaining victory.
(64) vaitaliki vidya—art of awakening master with music at dawn.
All these are 64 arts ,
now we move to 6 Sastras .
Sastras are the rules in
a general awareness. The word is generally used terms in the textual
matter of technical or specialized knowledge to refer the nature of
the profession. Example: Bhautika Shastra is physics, Rasayana
Shastra is chemistry, Jeeva Shastra is biology , Vastu Shastra is
architectural science, Shilpa Shastra is science of sculpture, Artha
Shastra is economics, and Neeti Shastra is political science. These
shastras are the knowledge of principles that are unchanged. Even
now is in practice not only in India, world wide practice..
Vedangas, that were part
of Vedic knowledge acquired by study, research,etc. There were six
fields:
(1) Shiksa
is instruction , it explains the proper articulation of the Vedic
texts, and various different kind of pronunciation taught.
(2) chandas
is meter,
(3)
vyakarana is analysis
and derivation, the language is grammatically described for example:
Panni’s grammar (c.
400 BC) and the pratishakhyas
are the oldest one
(4)
nirukta is
vocabulary , which discusses and defines difficult words, represented
by the Nirukta of
Yaska (c. 600 BCE),
(6)
kalpa is mode of
performance, studies the correct ways of performing the ritual.
This rule is not only for ritual, these are applicable to all in the
life. Pronunciation and the Grammatical discipline is a must.
A collections of
anthologies on the mode of ritual performance is called
Kalpa-sutras . They are
special composition . These texts about 600 BC by scholarly Sages
belonging to the ritual schools. each of all attached to a particular
literary work, especially on the basis on one of the four Vedas. A
complete Kalpa-sutra contains four principal components:
(1)
Shrauta-sutra, which establishes the rules for performing the more
complex rituals of the Vedic collection,
(2)
Shulba-sutra, which shows how to make the geometric calculations
necessary for the proper construction of the ritual field.
(3)
Grihya-sutra, which explains the rules for performing the domestic
rites, including the life-cycle rituals called the samskaras.
The first is“Tradition
of Manu”is called Manu smriti the Dharma-shastra of Manu, with
2,694 stanzas divided into 12 chapters. It deals with topics such as
a story of the origin and
development of the universe, the solar system, or the earth-moon
system. , the explanation of dharma,
the religious ritual, initiation and Vedic study, the eight forms of
marriage, hospitality and funerary rites, dietary laws, pollution and
purification, rules for women and wives, royal law, juridical
matters, pious donations, rites of compensation, the doctrine of
karma, the soul, and
punishment in hell. Low of Litigation. Particularly the low of
litigation completely enclosed in law, and practice. The
framework is provided by the model of the four-class society. The
influence of the Dharma-shastra of Manu has been tremendously
provided with the basis for its practical morality.
Later stage Manu ll
Yagnavalkya Dharma sastras with 1.013 stanzas little modified under
the three headings of good conduct, law, and expiation. Lately
a formal and systematic
exposition of the principles of a subject is called “mithakRtya ”
by Vignaneswara in 11th century.” The Lecturer concluded with this
and said “Dear students I hope you understand and happy with the
information. This is why the olden days all our ancestors use to
tell all the essence of sastras through a small stories to make
awareness of the principal of all discipline and moral law.” Now a
days I am not sure. good bye have a nice day “all the students
wished him in replay and went.
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